SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes Dataset 2020
South Africa, 1993 - 2017
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Jul 08, 2020
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Identification
Survey ID Number
zaf-saprin-sised-2020-v1
Title
SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes Dataset 2020
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| South Africa | ZAF |
Study type
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
Abstract
The ‘South African Population Research Infrastructure Network’ (SAPRIN) is a national research infrastructure funded through the Department of Science and Innovation and hosted by the South African Medical Research Council. One of SAPRIN’s initial goals has been to harmonise and share the longitudinal data from the three current Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Nodes. These long-standing nodes are the MRC/Wits University Agincourt HDSS in Bushbuckridge District, Mpumalanga, established in 1993, with a population of 113 113 people; the University of Limpopo DIMAMO HDSS in the Capricorn District of Limpopo, established in 1996, with a current population of 38 479; and the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) HDSS in uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, established in 2000, with a current population of 139 250.
This dataset represents a snapshot of the continually evolving data in the underlying longitudinal databases maintained by the SAPRIN nodes. In these databases the rightmost extend of the individual's surveillance episode is indicated by the data collection date of the last time the individual's membership of a household under surveillance has been confirmed. Each dataset has a right censor date (31 December 2017 for the current version of the dataset) and individual surveillance episodes are terminated at that point if the individual is still under surveillance beyond the cut-off date.
Each individual surveillance episode is associated with a physical location, for internal residency episodes it is the actual place of residence of the individual, for external residence episodes (periods of temporary migration) it is the place of residence of the individual's household. If an individual change their place of residency from one location within the surveillance area to another location still within the surveillance area, the episode at the original location is terminated with a location exit event, and a new episode starts with a location entry event at the destination location. It is also possible for the household the individual is a member of, to change their place of residency in the surveillance area, whilst the individual is externally resident (is a temporary migrant), in which case the individual's external resident episode will also be split with a location exit-entry pair of events.
At every household visit written consent is obtained from the household respondent for continued participation in the surveillance and such consent can be withdrawn. When this happens all household members' surveillance episodes are terminated with a refusal event. It is possible for households to again provide consent to participate in the surveillance after some time, in such cases surveillance events are restarted with a permission event.
As mentioned previously, surveillance episodes are continually extended by the last data collection event if the individual remains under surveillance. In certain cases, individuals may be lost to follow-up and surveillance episodes where the date of last data collection is more than one year prior to the right censor data are terminated as lost to follow up at that last data collection date. Individuals with data collection dates within a year of the right censor date is considered still to be under surveillance up to this last data collection date.
Each surveillance episode contains the identifier of the household the individual is a member of during that episode. Under relatively rare circumstances it is possible for an individual to change household membership whilst still resident at the same location, or to change membership whilst externally resident, in these cases the surveillance episode will be split with a pair of membership end and membership start events. More commonly membership start and end events coincide with location exit and entry events or in- and out-migration events. Memberships also obviously start at birth or enumeration and end at death, refusal to participate or lost to follow-up.
In about half of the cases, individuals have a single episode from first enumeration, birth or in-migration, to their eventual death, out-migration or currently still under surveillance. In the remaining cases, individuals transition from internal residency to external residency via out-migration, or from one location to another via internal migration with a location exit and entry event, or some other rarer form of transition involving membership change, refusal or lost to follow-up. Usually these series of surveillance episodes are continuous in time, with no gaps between episodes, but gaps can form, e.g. when an individual out-migrates and end membership with the household and so is no longer under surveillance, only to return via in-migration at some future date and take up membership with same or different household.
The SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020 Datasets consists of three types of the Demographic surveillance datasets:
1.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Basic Dataset. This dataset contains only the internal and external residency episodes for an individual.
2.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Age-Year-Delivery Dataset. This dataset splits the basic surveillance episodes at calendar year end and at the date when the age in years (birth-day) of an individual changes. In the case of women who have given births, episodes are split at the time of delivery as well.
3.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Detailed Dataset. This dataset adds to the dataset 2 time-varying attributes such as education, employment, marital status and socio-economic status.
This dataset represents a snapshot of the continually evolving data in the underlying longitudinal databases maintained by the SAPRIN nodes. In these databases the rightmost extend of the individual's surveillance episode is indicated by the data collection date of the last time the individual's membership of a household under surveillance has been confirmed. Each dataset has a right censor date (31 December 2017 for the current version of the dataset) and individual surveillance episodes are terminated at that point if the individual is still under surveillance beyond the cut-off date.
Each individual surveillance episode is associated with a physical location, for internal residency episodes it is the actual place of residence of the individual, for external residence episodes (periods of temporary migration) it is the place of residence of the individual's household. If an individual change their place of residency from one location within the surveillance area to another location still within the surveillance area, the episode at the original location is terminated with a location exit event, and a new episode starts with a location entry event at the destination location. It is also possible for the household the individual is a member of, to change their place of residency in the surveillance area, whilst the individual is externally resident (is a temporary migrant), in which case the individual's external resident episode will also be split with a location exit-entry pair of events.
At every household visit written consent is obtained from the household respondent for continued participation in the surveillance and such consent can be withdrawn. When this happens all household members' surveillance episodes are terminated with a refusal event. It is possible for households to again provide consent to participate in the surveillance after some time, in such cases surveillance events are restarted with a permission event.
As mentioned previously, surveillance episodes are continually extended by the last data collection event if the individual remains under surveillance. In certain cases, individuals may be lost to follow-up and surveillance episodes where the date of last data collection is more than one year prior to the right censor data are terminated as lost to follow up at that last data collection date. Individuals with data collection dates within a year of the right censor date is considered still to be under surveillance up to this last data collection date.
Each surveillance episode contains the identifier of the household the individual is a member of during that episode. Under relatively rare circumstances it is possible for an individual to change household membership whilst still resident at the same location, or to change membership whilst externally resident, in these cases the surveillance episode will be split with a pair of membership end and membership start events. More commonly membership start and end events coincide with location exit and entry events or in- and out-migration events. Memberships also obviously start at birth or enumeration and end at death, refusal to participate or lost to follow-up.
In about half of the cases, individuals have a single episode from first enumeration, birth or in-migration, to their eventual death, out-migration or currently still under surveillance. In the remaining cases, individuals transition from internal residency to external residency via out-migration, or from one location to another via internal migration with a location exit and entry event, or some other rarer form of transition involving membership change, refusal or lost to follow-up. Usually these series of surveillance episodes are continuous in time, with no gaps between episodes, but gaps can form, e.g. when an individual out-migrates and end membership with the household and so is no longer under surveillance, only to return via in-migration at some future date and take up membership with same or different household.
The SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020 Datasets consists of three types of the Demographic surveillance datasets:
1.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Basic Dataset. This dataset contains only the internal and external residency episodes for an individual.
2.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Age-Year-Delivery Dataset. This dataset splits the basic surveillance episodes at calendar year end and at the date when the age in years (birth-day) of an individual changes. In the case of women who have given births, episodes are split at the time of delivery as well.
3.SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Detailed Dataset. This dataset adds to the dataset 2 time-varying attributes such as education, employment, marital status and socio-economic status.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data
Unit of Analysis
Households and individuals
Version
Version Description
v1: dataset for public distribution
Version Date
2020-06-01
Scope
Notes
Fertility, Mortality, Migration
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Fertility, Mortality, Migration |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The South African Population Research Infrastructure Network (SAPRIN) currently represents a network of three Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) nodes located in rural South Africa, namely:
1) MRC/Wits University Agincourt HDSS in Bushbuckridge District, Mpumalanga, which has collected data since 1993. The nodal website is: http://www.agincourt.co.za;
2) the University of Limpopo DIMAMO HDSS in the Capricorn District of Limpopo, which has collected data since 1996.The nodal website is: N/A;
3) and the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) HDSS in uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, which has collected data since 2000.The nodal website is: http://www.ahri.org.
The Agincourt HDSS covers a surveillance area of approximately 420 square kilometres and is located in the Bushbuckridge District, Mpumalanga in the rural northeast of South Africa close to the Mozambique border. At baseline in 1992, 57 600 people were recorded in 8900 households in 20 villages; by 2006, the population had increased to about 70 000 people in 11 700 households. As of December 2017, there were 113 113 people under surveillance of whom 28% were not resident within the surveillance area, with a total of about 2m person years of observation. 33% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is almost exclusively Shangaan-speaking.The Agincourt HDSS has population density of over 200 persons per square kilometre. The Agincourt HDSS extends between latitudes 24° 50´ and 24° 56´S and longitudes 31°08´ and 31°´ 25´ E. The altitude is about 400-600m above sea level.
DIMAMO is located in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province approximately 40 kilometres from Polokwane, the capital city of Limpopo Province and 15-50 kilometres from the University of Limpopo. The site covers an area of approximately 400 square kilometres . The initial total population observed was about 8 000 but the field site was expanded in 2010. As of December 2017, there were 38 479 people under surveillance, of whom 22% were not resident within the surveillance area, with about 400,000 person years of observation. 30% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is predominantly Sotho speaking. Most households have electricity. Some households have piped water either inside the house or in their yards, but most fetch water from taps situated at strategic points in the villages. Most households have a pit latrine in their yards. The area lies between latitudes and 23°65´ and 23°90´S and longitudes 29°65´ and 29°85´E. The HDSS is located on a high plateau area (approximately 1250 m above sea level) where communities typically consist of households clustered in villages, with access to local land for small-scale food production.
Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) is situated in the south-east portion of the Umkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province near the town of Mtubatuba. It is bounded on the west by the Umfolozi-Hluhluwe nature reserve, on the south by the Umfolozi river, on the east by the N2 highway (except form portions where the Kwamsane township stradles the highway) and in the north by the Inyalazi river for portions of the boundary. The surveillance area is approximately 850 square kilometres. As of December 2017, there were 139 250 people under surveillance of whom 28% were not resident within the surveillance area, with about 1.7m person years of observation. 32% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is almost exclusively Zulu-speaking. The surveillance area is typical of many rural areas of South Africa in that while predominantly rural, it contains an urban township and informal peri-urban settlements. The area is characterized by large variations in population densities (20-3000 people per square kilometre). The area lies between latitudes -28°24' and 28°20'N and longitudes 32°10' and 31°58'E.
1) MRC/Wits University Agincourt HDSS in Bushbuckridge District, Mpumalanga, which has collected data since 1993. The nodal website is: http://www.agincourt.co.za;
2) the University of Limpopo DIMAMO HDSS in the Capricorn District of Limpopo, which has collected data since 1996.The nodal website is: N/A;
3) and the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) HDSS in uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, which has collected data since 2000.The nodal website is: http://www.ahri.org.
The Agincourt HDSS covers a surveillance area of approximately 420 square kilometres and is located in the Bushbuckridge District, Mpumalanga in the rural northeast of South Africa close to the Mozambique border. At baseline in 1992, 57 600 people were recorded in 8900 households in 20 villages; by 2006, the population had increased to about 70 000 people in 11 700 households. As of December 2017, there were 113 113 people under surveillance of whom 28% were not resident within the surveillance area, with a total of about 2m person years of observation. 33% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is almost exclusively Shangaan-speaking.The Agincourt HDSS has population density of over 200 persons per square kilometre. The Agincourt HDSS extends between latitudes 24° 50´ and 24° 56´S and longitudes 31°08´ and 31°´ 25´ E. The altitude is about 400-600m above sea level.
DIMAMO is located in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province approximately 40 kilometres from Polokwane, the capital city of Limpopo Province and 15-50 kilometres from the University of Limpopo. The site covers an area of approximately 400 square kilometres . The initial total population observed was about 8 000 but the field site was expanded in 2010. As of December 2017, there were 38 479 people under surveillance, of whom 22% were not resident within the surveillance area, with about 400,000 person years of observation. 30% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is predominantly Sotho speaking. Most households have electricity. Some households have piped water either inside the house or in their yards, but most fetch water from taps situated at strategic points in the villages. Most households have a pit latrine in their yards. The area lies between latitudes and 23°65´ and 23°90´S and longitudes 29°65´ and 29°85´E. The HDSS is located on a high plateau area (approximately 1250 m above sea level) where communities typically consist of households clustered in villages, with access to local land for small-scale food production.
Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) is situated in the south-east portion of the Umkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province near the town of Mtubatuba. It is bounded on the west by the Umfolozi-Hluhluwe nature reserve, on the south by the Umfolozi river, on the east by the N2 highway (except form portions where the Kwamsane township stradles the highway) and in the north by the Inyalazi river for portions of the boundary. The surveillance area is approximately 850 square kilometres. As of December 2017, there were 139 250 people under surveillance of whom 28% were not resident within the surveillance area, with about 1.7m person years of observation. 32% of the population is under 15 years old. The population is almost exclusively Zulu-speaking. The surveillance area is typical of many rural areas of South Africa in that while predominantly rural, it contains an urban township and informal peri-urban settlements. The area is characterized by large variations in population densities (20-3000 people per square kilometre). The area lies between latitudes -28°24' and 28°20'N and longitudes 32°10' and 31°58'E.
Universe
Households resident in dwellings within the study area will be eligible for inclusion in the household component of SAPRIN. All individuals identified by the household proxy informant as a member of the household will be enumerated. A resident household member is an individual that intends to sleep the majority of time at the dwelling occupied by the household over a four-month period. Households will include resident and non-resident members. An individual is a non-resident member if they have close ties to the household, but do not physically reside with the household most of the time. They can also be called temporary migrants and they are enumerated within the household list. Because household membership is not tied to physical residency, an individual may be a member of more than one household.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Prof Mark Collinson | SAPRIN |
| Dr Kobus Herbst | SAPRIN |
| Prof Steve Tollman | Agincourt |
| Dr Eric Maimela | DIMAMO |
| Prof Willem Hanekom | AHRI |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Taurayi Mudzana | SAPRIN | Technical Assistance |
| Tinofa Mutevedzi | SAPRIN | Technical Assistance |
| Chodziwadziwa Kabudula | Agincourt | Technical Assistance |
| Joseph Tlouyamma | DIMAMO | Technical Assistance |
| Dickman Gareta | AHRI | Technical Assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Science and Innovation | DSI | Current Funder |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Agincourt Data Team | Agincourt | Providing Data |
| DIMAMO Data Team | DIMAMO | Providing Data |
| AHRI Data Team | AHRI | Providing Data |
| Steve Tollman | Agincourt | |
| Eric Maimela | DIMAMO | |
| Willem Hanekom | AHRI | |
| Centre for High Performance Computing | Centre for High Performance Computing | Providing IT Infrastucture for Data Processing |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
This dataset is not based on a sample but contains information from the complete demographic surveillance areas.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1993-01-01 | 2017-12-31 | Agincourt |
| 1996-01-01 | 2017-12-31 | DIMAMO |
| 2000-01-01 | 2017-12-31 | AHRI |
Time periods
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1993-01-01 | 2017-12-31 | Agincourt |
| 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | DIMAMO |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
In all the HDSS nodes, data are collected from a household proxy respondent, preferably the head of household or any next available senior adult resident household member, after informed consent was obtained by trained fieldworkers. Respondents are informed of the purpose and confidentiality of the interview, their right to refuse participation or withdraw from the study, and that scientists would be given access to anonymised data to analyse and publish information. Informed consent was verbal in all HDSS nodes until 2016. Written informed consent started in 2017 in AHRI, and 2018 in DIMAMO and 2019 in Agincourt. Until 2016 for Agincourt and AHRI, and 2017 for DIMAMO, data collection was field-based 'paper and pen' personal interviews (PAPI), before changing to field-based computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI). Since 2019, all SAPRIN HDSS nodes collect data in 3 annual rounds over a 45-week data collection schedule; one field-based CAPI round, sandwiched on either side by a Call-Centre-based computer assisted telephonic interview (CATI), to create 3 data points at an interval of approximately 4 months in each calendar year. In the past HDSS nodes had different data collection frequencies. AHRI data collection was 2 PAPI rounds per year from inception to 2011, changing to 3 PAPI rounds per year between 2012 and 2016, before becoming 1 PAPI round and 2 CATI rounds from 2017. Agincourt and DIMAMO have been collecting data once annually in a census-type format, over 4-5-month period until 2018.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The data on this Repository is not the result of a single questionnaire but is a result of harmonised data from three different sites longitudinally collected over more than twenty years using different questionnaires that varied over time and site.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The first step in the data preparation process is quality assurance. The SAPRIN Management hub team assess the data submitted to ensure it is in the correct format and falls within expected value ranges. Other potential issues checked include: missing data, incorrect data types, unexpected duplicate or orphan records. The SAPRIN Management hub assess this conversion by running both original operational database and the SAPRIN database created from the operational database through the iSHARE data quality assessment and indicator process. The data quality checking process is conducted using Pentaho Data Integration (PDI). PDI provides the Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) capabilities that facilitates the process of capturing, cleansing, and storing data using a uniform and consistent format that is accessible and relevant to end users. The principle of the data quality checks is that if the data conversion conducted by the nodes was complete and accurate, there should be little or no difference in the data quality and demographic indicators between the base and SAPRIN versions of the nodal data. If the data submitted by the nodes meets the criteria for inclusion into the consolidated dataset the data moves to the second step of the data production process. However, if the data fail the inclusion checks, this could then lead to another iteration of data submission and quality control checks until SAPRIN Management hub is satisfied that they have high quality data.To produce this final standard dataset, the data is processed using PDI on the Centre for High Performance Computing cluster .
Access policy
Contacts
Access conditions
Public use files, available to all
Citation requirements
Any use of this data must cite the digital object identifier (doi) associated with the appropriate dataset. Using the following form:
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Basic Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEBD2020
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Detailed Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEDD2020
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Age-Year-Delivery Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEAYDD2020
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Basic Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEBD2020
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Detailed Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEDD2020
Mudzana, T; Mutevedzi, T; Herbst, K; Collinson, M (2020): SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020: Age-Year-Delivery Dataset. South African Population Research Infrastructure Network.
http://doi.org/10.23667/SAPRIN.SISEAYDD2020
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kobus Herbst | SAPRIN | kobus.herbst@mrc.ac.za | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for the data's use or interpretation or inferences based upon it.
Copyright
This dataset documentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The dataset is shared in terms of the data-use agreement accepted at the time of data download.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI.SAPRIN.SISED2020V1
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kobus Herbst | KH | SAPRIN | Documentation of Study and Review of the metadata |
| Taurayi Mudzana | TAU | SAPRIN | Documentation of Study and Review of the metadata |
| Tinofa Mutevedzi | TM | SAPRIN | Documentation of Study and Review of the metadata |
| Mark Collinson | MC | SAPRIN | Documentation of Study and Review of the metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
2020-07-08
DDI Document version
Version 1