It is expected that the Coronavirus pandemic will exacerbate inequality in wellbeing compared to the pre-pandemic situation. However, there are theories (e.g., the Conservation of Resource (COR)
theory) that acknowledge situation-specific lower wellbeing for individuals who typically have more resources. The argument is that perception of loss might occur differently across the socioeconomic spectrum such that individuals with higher socioeconomic status experience more loss. Therefore, given the pandemic situation, it is possible that indicators of poor wellbeing (e.g., depression) becoming less concentrated among the poor, contrary to expectation.

Given the above, we examine income-related inequality in self-assessed health and depressive symptoms in South Africa. This is done using both pre-pandemic data (i.e. National Income Dynamic
Study (NIDS)) and data collected during the pandemic (National Income Dynamic Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile (NIDS-CRAM)). Consistent with expectation, we find that poor self-assessed health has
not only remain concentrated amongst the poor, but this concentration has increased compared to the pre-pandemic situation. However, contrary to expectation, depressive symptoms have become
less concentrated amongst the poor compared to the pre-pandemic period. We note that while there may be an alternative explanation for this change in trend, it may also be due to situation-specific lower wellbeing for individuals who typically have more resources. We argue that this has implication for tracking population health in a crisis.